Global Broadband Gap全球宽带差距

The term “broadband” has become synonymous with high-speed internet downloads, but exactly how fast is it?术语“宽带”已成为同义词，与高速网际网路下载，但到底有多快是什么呢？ Martin Fransman of the Institute for Japanese-European Technology Studies, at the University of Edinburgh, reveals how data on broadband distribution and performance can be very different depending on where in the world you are.李柱铭fransman该研究所为日本-欧洲技术研究，在爱丁堡大学，揭示了如何对宽带数据的分布和表现可有很大差异，视乎情况下，在世界上你。 Japan and Korea are significantly ahead, with some users downloading at 100 megabits per second, compared with speeds in Europe and the USA that can be 100 times slower than that.日本和韩国是显着未来，与一些用户下载100兆比特每秒，与速度相比，在欧洲和美国可以100倍慢得多。 Budget broadband in the UK is actually not much faster than dial-up if you’re on a busy node a long way from your digital exchange.预算宽带在英国的，其实并不是速度远远超过拨号上网如果您在一个繁忙的节点很长的路，从您的数码交换。

“Korea is by far the global front-runner in terms of broadband penetration,” explains Fransman in the “韩国是目前全球前亚军，在条款的宽带普及率， ”解释fransman ，在 International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development国际杂志的技术学习，创新和发展 (2007, 1, 112-124) recently. （ 2007年， 1 ， 112-124 ）最近。 “Japan,” he adds, “is the global leader in terms of speed, price and diffusion of advanced technology, specifically Fibre-To-The-Home.” “日本， ”他补充说， “是全球领先的条款，速度，价格和扩散先进的技术，特别是光纤到了家” 。

Outside these regions conventional telecommunications wires based on copper connections allow access to broadband through DSL.这些地区以外的常规电讯电线基于铜连接允许存取通过宽带的DSL 。 Even so-called “cable” broadband relies on copper cable TV connections rather than fibre optics at the user end of the network.即便如此，所谓“有线”宽带依赖于铜有线电视连接，而非光纤在用户端的网络。 There are some ultra-broadband connections in development that will operate at 40 gigabits per secondm which is fast enough to download a complete high-definition DVD in two seconds or so, but it will be quite some time before those enter the mainstream.也有一些超宽带连接的发展，将经营在40 Gbps的百分之secondm这是不够快，下载一个完整的高清晰度DVD在两秒钟或使，但它将会相当一段时间才那些进入主流。

Fransman, who has worked with numerous governments and international organisations as well as with leading telecommunications companies, including AT&T, BT, France Telecom, NTT, Ericsson, Siemens, NEC and Fujitsu, suggests that this skewed distribution of broadband across the developed world is puzzling. fransman ，谁曾与许多国家政府和国际组织以及与领先的电信公司，包括AT ＆ T公司，英国电信，法国电信， NTT的爱立信，西门子， NEC和富士通，表明这种不均衡分布的宽带全国发达世界的令人费解。

In particular, why is it that the USA, which introduced the world to the internet, is lagging so far behind in broadband, sitting 11th in the world?特别是，为什么它认为，美国，介绍了世界各地的互联网，是落后，所以远远落后于在宽带，坐在第11次在世界上呢？ Why do Japan and Korea, who are not generally considered major global players in internet, computing, software and microprocessors, nevertheless lead the world in broadband?为什么日本和韩国，谁不普遍认为，全球主要的球员在互联网，计算机，软件和微处理器，不过，带领世界上宽带？ Why does Europe lag behind, not only the leading Asian countries, but also the USA?为何不落后于欧洲，不仅领先亚洲各国，而且美国？

In his research paper Fransman explains that there are economic and technological challenges to the widespread development and uptake of broadband that have resulted in this asymmetric distribution across the globe.在他的研究论文fransman解释说，有经济和技术挑战的广泛发展和吸收的宽带已导致在这方面的不对称分布全球各地。 Specifically, there are three interrelated explanations, he says.具体来说，有三个相互关联的解释，他说。 The first of these depends on the role played by ‘disruptive’ competitors and new entrants into the commercial market for broadband services, which have pushed prices down in Japan, for instance, and forced speed increases and other technological advances.上述第一，取决于所扮演的角色'破坏性'的竞争者和新进入商业市场的宽频服务，这推动了价格下跌在日本，举例来说，和强迫的速度增加，和其他的技术进步。

Secondly, there is significant competition between the different technologies that might deliver broadband.其次，有显着之间的竞争不同的技术可能提供宽带。 There are various flavours of DSL (digital subscriber line), cable TV broadband, satellite, and WiFi.有各种口味的数字用户线路（ DSL ） ，有线电视宽带，卫星和无线网络连接。 But in Japan, the very high-speed connections are made possible by fibre optic connections from the network direct to the users’ computers.但在日本，非常高的高速连接是可能的光纤连接，从网络直接向用户的计算机。

Finally, he points out that the strength of regulation in each country has a significant impact on broadband.最后，他指出，力量的规管，在每一个国家都有重大影响的宽带。 In short, the telecommunications authorities in Japan, and to some extent in Korea also, are much tougher than their US and European counterparts.在短期内，电信当局在日本，并在一定程度上在韩国的同时，大大超过其强硬的美国和欧洲的同行。 This has pushed the broadband providers to offer much more efficient and faster services in order to remain competitive and sustain their market share.这推动了宽带商提供更为有效和快捷的服务，才能保持竞争力和维持它们的市场份额。

“These three causes of comparative international broadband performance themselves have complex institutional determinants,” concludes,” Fransman, “Unfortunately, deriving appropriate policy recommendations is no simple task.” Given how slowly technological legislation changes, this could mean that US and European internet users will be burdened with lower service quality and slower downloads compared to users in Japan and Korea for many years to come. “这三项的原因，比较国际宽带的表现自己，有复杂的体制因素， ”结论是， “ fransman ， ”不幸的是，产生适当的政策建议是没有简单的任务。 ： “鉴于如何慢慢科技立法的变化，这可能意味着美国和欧洲的互联网用户将沉重的负担较低的服务质量和慢下载相比，用户在日本和韩国在今后许多年。