Avatars, Identity, and Walkies化身，身份和Walkies

In the early days of the web, the phrase “No one knows you are a dog on the Internet” became popular, as members of virtual worlds hid behind virtual masks.在早期的網絡中，“沒有人知道你是一隻狗在互聯網上”開始流行，作為成員的虛擬世界躲在虛擬口罩。 Today, the advent of web 2.0 and the emergence of social media have led to many of us revealing personal information about ourselves online to millions of strangers that most of us would baulk at sharing in a face-to-face meeting even with a close friend or relative.今天，Web 2.0的到來和社會媒體的出現，導致我們很多人透露自己的個人信息網上數以百萬計的陌生人，大部分會卻步，我們在分享在面對面的會議，即使面對的親密朋友或相對。 Indeed, in recent weeks we have seen cybersex and divorce in virtuality hit the headlines.事實上，在最近幾個星期，我們看到人造染色體，離婚手續虛擬報紙的頭條新聞。

Now, writing in the International Journal of Intellectual Property Management , Angela Adrian, a lecturer in law, at the University of Bournemouth, explains that the net effect of this change is that for many people their virtual identities are becoming indistinguishable from their real-life identities.現在，寫在國際期刊知識產權管理 ，安吉拉阿德里安，在法律的講師，在大學的伯恩茅斯，解釋說，淨影響這種變化的是，對許多人的虛擬身份，正在成為他們無法區分真實生活身份。 She draws parallels with the blurring of the lines between online shopping and trade, e-commerce, and traditional commerce.她提請平行與模糊之間的行網上購物與貿易，電子商務和傳統商業。

One important aspect of virtual identity that remains indistinct, however, is the so-called avatar.一個重要方面虛擬的身份仍然是模糊的，然而，所謂的頭像。 By definition, an avatar is “a graphical representation of a person” and comes from the world of Hindu mythology in which a deity becomes incarnate in a human or animal form.根據定義，頭像是“有一個直觀的的人”，來自世界各地的印度神話中神的化身成為在人類或動物的形式。 Usually, an avatar represents a person in a chat room, in a virtual environment, such as Second Life, or another area of online activity, such as a forum or blog.通常，一個頭像代表一個人在聊天室，在一個虛擬的環境，如第二生命，或其他領域的在線活動，如論壇或博客。

Ordinary people, who are bored and frustrated by regular e-commerce, participate vigorously and passionately in avatar-based online markets. 普通的人，誰是無聊和沮喪定期電子商務，積極和熱情參與 ， 在頭像的在線市場。 Hence, e-commerce has evolved into the compelling story about individuals and businesses recreating themselves and extending their identities into cyberspace. 因此，電子商務已經發展成為引人注目的故事有關個人和企業再造自己和他們的身份延伸到網絡空間。

Avatars have become something that is valuable and persistent.化身成為東西是有價值的，持久的。 As such, perhaps there is a need to associate rights and duties with it, says Adrian.因此，也許有必要關聯的權利和義務與它說，阿德里安。 But, what will those rights be?但是，將這些權利是什麼呢？ And how might these be spliced into real-world law.這又如何可能被拼接成現實世界的法律。 If one makes the assumption that identity is not merely a set of facts: name, rank, and serial number…location, employment, position, age, or gender, then the identity of one's Avatar must be considered to be more than a few kilobytes of computer data.如果人們假設的身份不僅僅是一套事實：名稱，等級，序列號...地點，就業，地位，年齡或性別，那麼身份一個人的頭像，必須考慮將超過幾千字節計算機數據。 Indeed, it has been said that Avatars are cyborgs (some would say zombies), that are more than a representation, and instead a manifestation of the Self in the virtual world.事實上，有人說，頭像是電子人（有些人會說殭屍），這是多的代表，而是一個表現自我的在虛擬世界。

In the real world we lack control to some degree over who we are perceived to be, our identity is not entirely within our control.在現實世界中，我們缺乏控制在一定程度上對我們是誰認為是，我們的身份並非完全在我們的控制。 Similarly, while you may choose what virtual shoes to wear online, that cyborg avatar, is equally as under external influence and the environment as one's real-world identity.同樣，雖然你可以選擇是虛擬的鞋穿網上，電子人頭像，同樣是根據外部環境的影響和作為一個人的現實世界的身份。

This concern about avatars and identity may seem arcane and limited to those who use virtual worlds such as Second Life, but the concept of your own personal avatar is spilling out into the wider web.這種關注化身和身份似乎不可思議，並只限於那些誰使用，如虛擬世界第二人生，但這個概念，自己的個人頭像已經蔓延到了更廣泛的網絡。 Linden Lab, creators of Second Life, for example, is working towards a 3D web where one's avatar identity will be free to roam the internet.林登實驗室，創作者的第二生命，例如，正在努力爭取在一個三維網絡人的頭像身份將可以自由漫遊互聯網。 But, then they would say that…但是，他們會說...

Adrian believes that our control, or lack thereof, over online avatar identities is beginning to have consequences in the real-world.阿德里安認為，我們的控制，或缺乏對網上頭像身份已開始有後果，在現實世界。 This is particularly true, given that many avatars may embed credit records, buddy lists, job records, personal references and other information regarding reputation, medical history, academic qualifications etc.這是尤其如此，因為許多替身可以嵌入信用記錄，好友名單，工作記錄，個人參考資料及其他資料的聲譽，病歷，學歷等

The problems that emerge as virtual worlds evolve and mature are nothing to do with the fact that human beings are interacting via avatars in virtual reality, says Adrian, but everything to do with the fact that fundamentally they are human beings, interacting.的問題，成為虛擬世界演進和成熟的無關的事實，人類是通過互動的虛擬現實化身說，阿德里安，但都與事實根本上他們也是人，相互作用。 That old internet axiom about anonymous dogs has become irrelevant.舊互聯網公理有關匿名狗已經出局。 These days it is not that online no one knows you're a dog, but that these days they want to know what breed you are and what time is walkies.這些天是不是網上沒有人知道你是一條狗，但這些天，他們想知道你是什麼品種，什麼時間walkies。

Angela Adrian (2008). 安吉拉阿德里安（2008）。 Avatars: a right to privacy or a right to publicity? Int. 化身：1私隱權或有權宣傳？ 廉政。 J. Intellectual Property Management, 2 (3), 253-260 J.知識產權管理，2（3），253-260